UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA 1. THE CLINICAL ANALYSIS LABORATORY

1. General characteristics of the clinical analysis laboratory
2. - Laboratory organization
3. Functions of laboratory personnel
4. Safety and risk prevention in the clinical analysis laboratory
5. - Chemical risks
6. - Physical risks
7. - Physical and postural load
8. - Biological risks
9. Hazards and accidents in the analysis laboratory
10. - Safety measures in the laboratory
11. Waste disposal
12. - Waste management
13. Quality control

UNIT 2. BASIC TECHNIQUES USED IN A CLINICAL ANALYSIS LABORATORY

1. Mass and volume measurements
2. - Basic mass measurement techniques
3. - Basic volume measurement techniques
4. Preparation of solutions and dilutions. Mode of expressing concentration
5. - Dissolutions or solutions
6. - Dilutions
7. Filtration and centrifugation

UNIT DIDACTIC 3. BASIC ANALYTICAL TESTS

1. Elementary principles of clinical analytical methods
2. - Organoleptic analysis
3. - Physical analysis
4. - Chemical analysis
5. - Enzymatic analysis
6. - Immunological analysis
7. Reflection photometry
8. - Automated analytics
9. - Basic types of autoanalyzers
10. - Autoanalyzer operation
11. Applications
12. Expression and recording of results
13. Protection of personal data

UNIT DIDACTIC 4. INTRODUCTION TO HEMATOLOGY

1. Blood: composition and functions
2. - Blood composition
3. - Blood functions
4. Blood groups and subgroups
5. - ABO system
6. - Rhesus (Rh) system
7. Coombs test
8. - Technical performance of the direct test
9. - Interpretation of direct test results
10. Blood compatibility study. Crossmatching tests
11. - Types of crossmatching tests
12. - Crossmatching test process
13. - General remarks on crossmatching tests
14. Blood gases

UNIT 5. BLOOD SAMPLES

1. General characteristics of blood
2. Vascular anatomy
3. Blood collection material
4. - Types of collection tubes
5. Blood collection techniques
6. - Skin or capillary puncture
7. - Venous puncture
8. - Arterial puncture
9. - Catheter blood
10. Common errors
11. - Most common errors in sample handling
12. - Error prevention and management of common complications in blood collection
13. Anticoagulants
14. Preanalytical and postanalytical phases of clinical determination. Factors affecting the chemical composition of blood
15. Substances or elements that can be analyzed from a blood sample

UNIT 6. BLOOD TRANSFUSION

1. Transfusion of blood components
2. Preparation and selection of blood components and derivatives
3. - Red cell concentrates
4. - Platelet concentrates
5. - Leukocyte concentrates
6. - Fresh frozen plasma
7. - Cryoprecipitates: cryoprecipitate Factor VIII
8. Indications for blood components
9. - Whole blood
10. - Red cell concentrate transfusion
11. - Platelet transfusion
12. - Fresh frozen plasma
13. - Cryoprecipitate transfusion
14. - Transfusion
15. - Transfusion request
16. - Recipient blood tests
17. - Administration
18. Autotransfusion
19. - Advantages and disadvantages of autotransfusion
20. Transfusion reactions
21. - Hemolytic reactions
22. - Immediate non-hemolytic reactions
23. - Late non-hemolytic reactions
24. - Transfusion reaction study and reporting
25. File and record
26. Quality control
27. Hemovigilance and traceability

UNIT DIDACTIC 7. MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTS FOR BACTERIAL DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION IN THE CLINICAL LABORATORY

1. Introduction
2. Nonspecific or biochemical procedures
3. - Hemogram
4. - Biochemistry
5. Specific or microbiological procedures
6. - Direct procedures
7. - Indirect procedures

UNIT DIDACTIC 8. BIOCHEMICAL TESTS FOR BACTERIAL DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION

1. Introduction
2. IMVIC
3. - Indole
4. - Methyl Red
5. - Voges-Proskauer (VP)
6. - Citrate
7. Enzymatic
8. - Catalase
9. - Oxidase
10. - Coagulase
11. - Peroxidase
12. - Urease
13. - Nitrate reduction or nitrate reductase
14. - ß-D-Galactosidase or a-galactosidase test
15. - Decarboxylase investigation
16. - Phenylalanine deaminase test
17. - Arginine dehydrolase test
18. Other biochemical tests
19. - TSI agar
20. - Oxide-fermentative or Hugh-Leifson
21. - Acids and gases
22. - Gelatin hydrolysis
23. - Kligler's Iron Agar (KIA) test
24. - Hemolytic activity in Blood Agar
25. - Performance on iridescent milk
26. - Starch utilization
27. - Lipid metabolism

UNIT DIDACTIC 9. URINE SAMPLES

1. Anatomy and physiology of the genitourinary system
2. - Urinary system
3. - Urine formation
4. General characteristics of urine
5. - Appearance and color
6. - Odor
7. - Urine volume
8. - Specific gravity, density and osmolality
9. - pH
10. Obtaining a urine sample for study: Routine, quantification of substances or formed elements and microbiological
11. - Samples for routine study
12. - Samples for microbiological study
13. Prevention of the most common errors in handling a urine sample
14. Substances or formed elements analyzable in a urine sample
15. - Techniques for qualitative determination of urine. Test strips
16. - Techniques for quantitative determination of urine

UNIT 10. FECAL AND SEMINAL SAMPLES

1. Anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal system
2. - Anatomo-physiological basis
3. - Types of digestion
4. - Digestion of different chemical compounds
5. - Intestinal flora
6. - Digestion residues
7. General characteristics of feces
8. Obtaining a stool sample for study: routine, quantification of substances or formed elements and microbiological
9. - General rules
10. - Specific rules
11. Prevention of most common errors in handling a stool sample
12. Substances or formed elements analyzable in a stool sample
13. - Microscopic examination
14. - Digestion
15. - Occult blood
16. - Reducing bodies
17. - Stercogram in the different digestive syndromes
18. Anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system
19. - Anatomy
20. - Physiology
21. General characteristics of semen
22. Obtaining a semen sample for study: routine, quantification of substances or formative elements and microbiological
23. Prevention of the most common errors in the handling of a semen sample
24. Substances or formative elements analyzable in a semen sample

UNIT DIDACTIC 11. INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

1. Introduction to Microbiology
2. Definitions and main authors
3. Microbiological Laboratories
4. Related concepts

UNIT 12. MICROORGANISMS RELATED TO INFECTIOUS PROCESSES

1. Main characteristics of microorganisms
2. Types of microorganisms
3. - Gram positive and negative cocci
4. - Gram positive bacilli
5. - Gram-negative bacilli
6. - Gram-negative bacilli demanding
7. - Anaerobic bacteria
8. - Mycobacteria
9. - Fungi
10. - Viruses
11. - Parasites

TEACHING UNIT 13. INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNOLOGY

1. Immunology and Immune System
2. - Types of Immunity
3. Components of the Immune System
4. - Lymphocytes
5. - Complement System
6. - Phagocytes
7. - Cytokines
8. - Neutrophil
9. - Eosinophil
10. - Basophils and mast cells
11. - Platelets
12. - Natural Killer (NK) cells
13. Antibodies and antigens
14. - Antigens
15. - Antibodies
16. Immune system responses
17. - Innate or nonspecific response
18. - Adaptive or specific response
19. - Differences between innate and acquired immune response
20. Disorders in human immunity
21. - Immunodeficiencies
22. - Autoimmunity
23. - Hypersensitivity
24. Serums and vaccines

UNIT DIDACTIC 14. DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES IN IMMUNOLOGY

1. Immunological diagnostic techniques
2. - Obtaining antibodies
3. Types of immunological techniques
4. - Detection of humoral immune response
5. - Good laboratory practice
6. Autoimmunity
7. - Autoimmune diseases
8. - Tests and examinations
9. - Treatment of autoimmune diseases

UNIT UNIT 15. SAMPLES THAT CANNOT BE COLLECTED DIRECTLY BY THE PATIENT AND SAMPLES OBTAINED BY INVASIVE OR SURGICAL PROCEDURES

1. Lower respiratory tract samples: IRT
2. Recall of anatomy and physiology of the respiratory tract
3. General characteristics of T.I.R.T. specimens
4. - Considerations
5. - Sputum, induced sputum
6. Prevention of the most common errors in the handling of an I.R.T. specimen
7. Substances or formal elements that can be analyzed in an I.R.T. specimen.
8. Exudates for microbiological-parasitological analysis
9. - Tonsillar pharyngeal
10. - Nasopharynx
11. - Conjunctival exudates, otic exudates: external ear and middle ear
12. - Genital exudates: urethral, vaginal, endocervical and balanopreputial
13. Skin samples for the study of mycoses: skin, hair and nails
14. - General rules
15. - Types of samples
16. Samples obtained by invasive or surgical procedures
17. - Obtaining the sample
18. - Amniotic fluid
19. - Serous fluids
20. - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
21. - Synovial-articular fluid
22. Prevention of common errors in the handling of samples
23. Substances analyzable from each sample

TEACHING UNIT 16. MYCOLOGY AND CLINICAL INTOXICATIONS

1. Introduction to Mycology
2. Types of mycoses
3. - Superficial mycoses
4. - Cutaneous mycoses
5. - Subcutaneous mycoses
6. - Deep mycoses
7. - Systemic mycoses
8. Mycology section in the clinical laboratory
9. Samples for mycological study
10. Clinical poisonings
11. - Drug poisonings
12. - Drug poisonings
13. - Food poisonings