UNIT 1. INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGY

1. Definition of radiology
2. History of radiology
3. Introduction to X-rays
4. Current regulations
5. - National regulations
6. - European regulations (European Atomic Energy Community, EURATOM)

UNIT DIDACTIC 2. RADIATION PHYSICS

1. Basic notions about atomic structure
2. Electromagnetic spectrum
3. - Types of radiation
4. Ionizing radiation
5. - Types of ionizing radiation
6. - Radiation sources
7. - Radiological magnitudes and units
8. - Ionizing radiation in health

UNIT DIDACTIC 3. X-RAY PHYSICS

1. Physics of X-rays
2. Properties of X-rays
3. X-ray production
4. Radiological equipment
5. The X-ray tube. Components of the tube
6. - Factors that modify the shape of the X-ray spectrum
7. Generator
8. Other components of the equipment
9. - Antidiffuser grids
10. - Collimators
11. - Control table or operator's console

UNIT DIDACTIC 4. RADIOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT AND REVEALER.

1. Radiographic imaging
2. - Factors affecting radiographic imaging
3. - Digital radiology
4. Radiographic film
5. - Film composition
6. - Film properties
7. - Film types
8. - Storage
9. - Chassis
10. Booster screens
11. - Booster screen structure
12. - Care and cleaning of the reinforcement screens
13. - Developing and fixing equipment and process for radiographic film
14. - Developing
15. - Fixing
16. - Washing
17. - Drying
18. - The darkroom
19. Fluoroscopic/radioscopic image
20. Factors conditioning the quality of the radiographic image
21. - Image quality

UNIT DIDACTIC 5. CONVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY UNITS.

1. Conventional radiology services
2. - Classification of radiology services according to WHO
3. Basic structure of radiology care units
4. Radiology units
5. - Radiology units with fixed equipment
6. - Mobile and portable radiology units

TEACHING UNIT 6. DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING MODALITIES

1. Diagnostic imaging
2. Principles of computed tomography (CT)
3. - Image acquisition. Acquisition techniques
4. - Performing technique
5. - Contrasts used in CT
6. - Benefits and risks associated with CT
7. Ultrasound
8. - Basic methods used in ultrasound or ultrasonography
9. Scintigraphy
10. - Types of scintigraphy studies
11. Positron emission tomography
12. Magnetic resonance imaging
13. Other modalities
14. - Digital endoscopy systems
15. - Mammography
16. - Myelography

UNIT 7. INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY.

1. Definition interventional radiology
2. - Risks of interventional radiology
3. Interventional radiology procedures and interventions
4. Radiotherapy
5. - Indications
6. - Types
7. - Side effects

UNIT DIDACTIC 8. RADIATION DETECTION AND DOSIMETRY

1. Physical fundamentals of radiation detection
2. Gaseous ionization detectors
3. - Ionization chamber
4. - Proportional counters
5. - Geiger counters - Muller
6. - Scintillation detectors
7. Semiconductor detector
8. Radiation dosimetry
9. - Personal dosimeters
10. - Patient dosimetry

UNIT DIDACTIC 9. INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH THE ORGANISM. RADIOBIOLOGY

1. Radiobiology
2. Cellular response to radiation
3. - Effect of ionizing radiation on the cell cycle
4. - Cell survival
5. - Factors affecting radiosensitivity
6. Classification of biological effects produced in ionizing radiation
7. - Characteristics of the biological effects of ionizing radiation
8. Systemic and organic response to radiation
9. - Main deterministic radioinduced effects in different tissues, organs and systems
10. - Total organic response to radiation
11. - Main stochastic radioinduced effects

UNIT DIDACTIC 10. RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION

1. Radiological hazards
2. Personnel classification and dose limits
3. - Personnel classification
4. - Dose limits
5. Establishment of zones
6. - Zone classification
7. - Signage
8. - General standards in areas with radiological risk
9. Radiological protection of the patient
10. Radiological protection of workers
11. - Radiological protection standards

UNIT DIDACTIC 11. RADIODIAGNOSTIC

1. Definition of radiodiagnosis
2. Quality criteria in radiodiagnosis
3. - Verification of dose delivered to patients
4. - Verification of dose in workplaces
5. Criteria for acceptability of diagnostic radiology facilities
6. - Conventional radiology facilities
7. - Plate development, image receptor properties and viewing conditions
8. - Additional requirements for dental radiography equipment

UNIT DIDACTIC 12. PRACTICAL THORAX TECHNIQUE.

1. Anatomy of the thorax
2. - Musculature of the thorax
3. Anatomical planes of the human body
4. General rules for performing a chest X-ray
5. - Technical parameters in chest X-ray
6. Posteroanterior projection of the chest
7. Lateral chest projection
8. Lordotic chest projection
9. Lateral sternal projection
10. Anteroposterior rib projection
11. Oblique projection
12. Lateral decubitus projection
13. Expiratory projection

UNIT 13. PRACTICAL ABDOMEN TECHNIQUE

1. Anatomy of the abdomen
2. - Superficial anatomy
3. - Abdominal muscles
4. Simple projection of abdomen (AP supine)
5. Anteroposterior projection of abdomen in standing position
6. Lateral projection of abdomen
7. Lateral abdomen projection in supine decubitus with horizontal beam
8. Left lateral decubitus projection with horizontal beam of abdomen
9. Posteroanterior projection of abdomen

UNIT DIDACTIC 14. PRACTICAL SKULL AND SPINE TECHNIQUES

1. Anatomy of the skull and spine
2. - Skull
3. - Spine
4. General rules for performing a spine, skull or neck radiograph
5. Frontal, anteroposterior or posteroanterior projection of the skull
6. - Anteroposterior projection
7. - Caldwell (fronto-nasal) projection
8. - Hirtz projection
9. - Towne projection
10. Profile or lateral projection of the skull
11. Anteroposterior projection of cervical spine
12. Lateral projection of cervical spine
13. Anteroposterior projection of dorsal or thoracic spine
14. Lateral projection of dorsal or thoracic spine
15. Anteroposterior projection of lumbar spine
16. Lateral projection of lumbar spine
17. Sacral and coccyx projections
18. - Anteroposterior projection of sacrum and coccyx
19. - Lateral projection of sacrum and coccyx

TEACHING UNIT 15. PRACTICAL TECHNIQUE OF THE UPPER LIMB.

1. Anatomy of the upper limb
2. - Osteology of the upper limb
3. - Musculature of the upper limb
4. Anteroposterior projection of clavicle
5. Lordotic projection of clavicle
6. Anteroposterior projection of scapula
7. Lateral projection of scapula
8. Anteroposterior projection of shoulder with neutral rotation
9. Anteroposterior projection of shoulder with external rotation
10. Anteroposterior projection of shoulder with internal rotation
11. Axial projection of shoulder
12. Shoulder projection in posteroanterior oblique or scapular method in ?Y?
13. Anteroposterior projection of humerus
14. Lateral projection of humerus
15. Transthoracic lateral projection of humerus
16. Anteroposterior projection of elbow
17. Lateral elbow projection
18. Anteroposterior forearm projection
19. Lateral forearm projection
20. Posteroanterior axial wrist projection. Ulnar deviation
21. Lateral wrist projection
22. Posteroanterior wrist projection
23. Posteroanterior projection of whole hand
24. Oblique projection of the whole hand
25. Posteroanterior projection of fingers (2nd to 5th)
26. Lateral projection of finger
27. Anteroposterior projection of thumb

PRACTICAL UNIT 16. PRACTICAL TECHNIQUE OF THE LOWER LIMB

1. Osteology of the lower limb
2. - Bones
3. - Joints
4. - Subcutaneous structures
5. Musculature of the lower limb
6. - Muscles of the thigh
7. - Leg muscles
8. - Foot muscles
9. Anteroposterior projection of pelvis
10. Anteroposterior projection of hip
11. Lateral projection of hip
12. Anteroposterior projection of femur
13. Lateral projection of femur
14. Anteroposterior projection of knee
15. Lateral projection of knee
16. Axial projection of patella
17. Anteroposterior projection of leg
18. Lateral projection of leg
19. Anteroposterior projection of ankle
20. Lateral ankle projection
21. Anteroposterior or dorsoplantar foot projection
22. Oblique foot projection
23. Anteroposterior toe or dorsoplantar projection
24. Lateral calcaneal projection